Silicon is the fourteenth element in the periodic table. A periodic table contains 118 elements distributed in 7 rows and 18 columns. The rows are known as periods and the columns are the groups of the periodic table. The elements of the periodic table are arranged according to their atomic number.
Basic elemental properties of Silicon
There are 118 different elements in the periodic table but there are some basic elemental properties of each. In a periodic table, elements with basic elemental properties are grouped together. Basic elemental properties of Silicon are:
Atomic Symbol of Silicon
Every element in the periodic table has its atomic symbol or chemical symbol for representation. The atomic symbol of Silicon is “Si”
Atomic Number of Silicon
Elements in the periodic table are arranged in groups and periods on the basis of their atomic number.
Atomic number is the number of protons present in the nucleus of an atom. The atomic number of Silicon is 14. This shows Silicon is the fourteenth element of the periodic table.
Short Electronic Configuration of Silicon
Short Electronic Configuration of Silicon is [Ne]3s2 3p 2
Block of Silicon in Periodic Table
There are four blocks (s, p, d, f) in the periodic table. Silicon belongs to the p-block of the periodic table. P block is the second block in the periodic table.
Group of Silicon in Periodic Table
Groups are the columns of the periodic table and Silicon belongs to the fourteenth group.
Period of Silicon in Periodic Table
Periodic table is arranged in periods and groups. The rows going across left to right are periods and Silicon is placed in the third period. Elements that are present in a period share common properties .
Atomic Mass of Silicon
Atomic mass is the mass of an atom and the atomic mass of Silicon is 28.085 u. If we round off the atomic mass of Silicon, we get 22.1 u.
Thermodynamic properties of Silicon
Thermodynamic properties are the characteristic features of a system, capable of specifying the system's state. The thermodynamic properties of an element include chemical, physical and thermal properties. The thermodynamic properties of Silicon are:
Phase at STP
Phase at STP is the state in which an element is present. The stp phase of Silicon is “Solid”.
Melting Point of Silicon
Melting point is a temperature at which an element of substance changes its state from solid to liquid. The melting point of Silicon gas is 1414 °C.
Boiling Point of Silicon
A boiling point is a temperature at which an element of a substance starts turning into vapors. The boiling point of Silicon gas is 2900 °C.
Molar Heat of Fusion of Silicon
Molar Heat of Fusion is the energy required to melt each mole of substance. The molar heat of fusion of Silicon is 50.2 kJ/mol.
Molar heat of Vaporization
The Molar heat of vaporization is the heat absorbed by the one specific mole of a substance. The molar heat of vaporization of Silicon gas is 359 kJ/mol.
Specific heat at STP
The specific heat of Silicon at STP is 710 J(kgK).
These are some of the main thermodynamic properties of Silicon. Let’s find out all the material properties of Silicon.
Material properties
We have discussed basic elemental properties and thermodynamic properties of Silicon gas. Besides these, there are many material properties of Silicon as well. Some of the material properties include density, molar volume, refractive index and thermal conductivity.
Density of Silicon
The density of Silicon element is 2.33 g/cm3
Liquid Density of Silicon element
The liquid density of Silicon atom is 2.57 g/cm3
Molar Volume of Silicon
The molar volume of Silicon is 12.053/mol
Mohs hardness of Silicon Atom
The mohs hardness of Silicon element is 6.5
Bulk modulus of Silicon Gas
The bulk modulus of Silicon Gas is 100 GPa
Young's modulus of Silicon
The young's modulus of Silicon atom 47 GPa
Sound speed of Silicon atom
The sound speed of Silicon gas is 2200 m/s
Thermal expansion of Silicon
The thermal expansion of Silicon is 2.6 x -6 K-1
Thermal Conductivity of Silicon
The thermal conductivity of Silicon is 150 W/(mK)
These are the main material properties of Silicon.
Electromagnetic properties of Silicon
When there is any emission or absorption of electromagnetic radiations, a martial responds to these changes. All elements of a periodic table have electromagnetic properties. Some of the main electromagnetic properties of Silicon gas include magnetic types, magnetic volume, mass magnetic susceptibility and color.
Electric type of Silicon
The magnetic type Silicon refers to the fact that it is a semiconductor.
Resistivity of Silicon element
The resistivity of Silicon element is 0.001 Ωm
Electrical conductivity of Silicon gas
The electrical conductivity of Silicon element is 1000 s/m
Magnetic type of Silicon element
The magnetic type of Silicon atom is diamagnetic
Volume Magnetic Susceptibility of Silicon
The volume magnetic susceptibility of Silicon is -3.73 x 10 -6
Mass Magnetic Susceptibility of Silicon
The mass magnetic susceptibility of Silicon is -1.6 x 10-9 m3/kg
Molar Magnetic Susceptibility of Silicon
The molar magnetic susceptibility of Silicon gas is -4.49 x 10-10 m3/mol
Color of Silicon Gas
The color of Silicon gas is gray.
These are some of the main electromagnetic properties of Silicon gas.
Reactivity of Silicon
Valency of Silicon
The valency of a Silicon element is a number that represents the ability of an atom to combine with other atoms. The valency of Silicon is 4.
Electronegativity of Silicon
Electronegativity of Silicon is the tendency of its atom participating in a covalent bond to attract the bonding electrons. Silicon has 1.9 electronegativity.
Electron affinity of Silicon
Electron affinity of Silicon gas is the energy released when one electron is added to a neutral atom to form an anion. The electron affinity of Silicon is 133.6 kJ/mol
First ionization energy of Silicon
It is the energy to remove the outermost electron from the neutral atom in the gas phase. The first ionization energy of Silicon is 786.5 kJ/mol
Atomic properties
The atomic properties of Silicon have term symbol, atomic radius, covalent radius, van der waals radius.
Term Symbol of Silicon
The term symbol specifies the electronic state of an atom. The term symbol of Silicon atom is 2 P 0
Atomic Radius of Silicon
The total distance from an atom's nucleus to the outermost orbital of an electron is its atomic radius. The atomic radius of Silicon is 110 pm.
Covalent Radius of Silicon
Covalent radius is the measurement of an atom's size that forms a covalent bond. The covalent radius of Silicon is 111 pm.
Van der Waals Radius of Silicon
Van der waals radius is the measurement for the size of an atom that is not chemically bonded. The van der Waals radius of Silicon is 210 pm.
Abundances of Silicon
It is the measure that tells us about the percentage of which it is present.
Abundance of Silicon in the universe
The abundance of Silicon in the universe is 0.07 mass %
Abundance of Silicon in the solar system
The abundance of Silicon in the solar system is 0.09 mass %
Abundance of Silicon in earth's crust
The abundance of Silicon in earth's crust is 27 mass %
Abundance of Silicon in ocean
The abundance of Silicon in ocean is 1 x 10-4 mass %
Universe Molar Abundances of Silicon
The universe molar abundances of Silicon is 0.003 mol %
Solar Molar Abundances of Silicon
The solar molar abundances of Silicon is 0.004 mol %
Ocean Molar Abundances of Silicon
The ocean molar abundances of Silicon is 2.2 x 10-5 mol %
Crust Molar Abundances of Silicon
The crust molar abundances of Silicon is 20 mol %
Human Molar Abundances of Silicon
The crust molar abundances of Silicon is 0.0058 mol %
Nuclear properties of Silicon
Half life of Silicon
Half life is the time for the radioactivity of a specified isotope to fall to half its original value. The half Life of Silicon is stable.
Stable isotopes of Silicon
The stable isotopes of Silicon are 28 Si (92.23%)
Nuclear Spin of Silicon
The nuclear spin of Silicon is 28 Si : 0+
Unstable isotopes of Silicon
The unstable isotopes of Silicon is 32 Si (153 yr)
Neutron Cross Section of Silicon
The neutron cross section of Silicon is 0.166 b
Identifiers of Silicon
CAS Number of Silicon
The CAS number of Silicon is 7440-21-3
PubChem CID number of Silicon
The PubChem CID number of Silicon is 5461123
Online Calculators
There are free online calculators on this website which you can use for accurate calculations. These tools are:
- Chemical Equation Balancer
- Oxidation Number Calculator
- Redox Reaction Calculator
- Percent Composition Calculator
- Percent Yield Calculator
- Theoretical Yield Calculator
- Molecular Weight Calculator
- Titration Calculator
- Atomic Mass Calculator
