Germanium is the thirty-two element in the periodic table. A periodic table contains 118 elements distributed in 7 rows and 18 columns. The rows are known as periods and the columns are the groups of the periodic table. The elements of the periodic table are arranged according to their atomic number.

Basic elemental properties of Germanium

There are 118 different elements in the periodic table but there are some basic elemental properties of each. In a periodic table, elements with basic elemental properties are grouped together. Basic elemental properties of Germanium are:

Atomic Symbol of Germanium

Every element in the periodic table has its atomic symbol or chemical symbol for representation. The atomic symbol of Germanium is “Ge”

Atomic Number of Germanium

Elements in the periodic table are arranged in groups and periods on the basis of their atomic number.

Atomic number is the number of protons present in the nucleus of an atom. The atomic number of Germanium is 32. This shows Germanium is the thirty-two element of the periodic table.

Short Electronic Configuration of Germanium

Short Electronic Configuration of Germanium is [Ar]4s2 3d 10 4p 2

Block of Germanium in Periodic Table

There are four blocks (s, p, d, f) in the periodic table. Germanium belongs to the p-block of the periodic table. P block is the second block in the periodic table.

Group of Germanium in Periodic Table

Groups are the columns of the periodic table and Germanium belongs to the fourteenth group.

Period of Germanium in Periodic Table

Periodic table is arranged in periods and groups. The rows going across left to right are periods and Germanium is placed in the fourth period. Elements that are present in a period share common properties .

Atomic Mass of Germanium 

Atomic mass is the mass of an atom and the atomic mass of Germanium is 72.63 u. If we round off the atomic mass of Germanium, we get 73 u.

Thermodynamic properties of Germanium

Thermodynamic properties are the characteristic features of a system, capable of specifying the system's state. The thermodynamic properties of an element include chemical, physical and thermal properties. The thermodynamic properties of Germanium are:

Phase at STP

Phase at STP is the state in which an element is present. The stp phase of Germanium is “Solid”.

Melting Point of Germanium

Melting point is a temperature at which an element of substance changes its state from solid to liquid. The melting point of Germanium gas is 938.3 °C.

Boiling Point of Germanium

A boiling point is a temperature at which an element of a substance starts turning into vapors. The boiling point of Germanium gas is 2820 °C.

Molar Heat of Fusion of Germanium

Molar Heat of Fusion is the energy required to melt each mole of substance. The molar heat of fusion of Germanium is 31.8 kJ/mol.

Molar heat of Vaporization

The Molar heat of vaporization is the heat absorbed by the one specific mole of a substance. The molar heat of vaporization of Germanium gas is 334 kJ/mol.

Specific heat at STP

The specific heat of Germanium at STP is 321.4 J(kgK).

These are some of the main thermodynamic properties of Germanium. Let’s find out all the material properties of Germanium.

Material properties

We have discussed basic elemental properties and thermodynamic properties of Germanium gas. Besides these, there are many material properties of Germanium as well. Some of the material properties include density, molar volume, refractive index and thermal conductivity.

Density of Germanium

The density of Germanium element is  5.323 g/cm3

Liquid Density of Germanium element

The liquid density of Germanium atom is 5.6 g/cm3 

Molar Volume of Germanium

The molar volume of Germanium is 13.62cm3/mol

Mohs hardness of Germanium Atom

The mohs hardness of Germanium element is 6

Sound speed of Germanium atom

The sound speed of Germanium gas is 5400 m/s

Thermal expansion of Germanium

The thermal expansion of Germanium is 6 x 10-6 K-1

Thermal Conductivity of Germanium

The thermal conductivity of Germanium is 60 W/(mK)

These are the main material properties of Germanium.

Electromagnetic properties of Germanium

When there is any emission or absorption of electromagnetic radiations, a martial responds to these changes. All elements of a periodic table have electromagnetic properties. Some of the main electromagnetic properties of Germanium gas include magnetic types, magnetic volume, mass magnetic susceptibility and color.

Electric type of Germanium

The magnetic type Germanium refers to the fact that it is a semiconductor.

Resistivity of Germanium element

The resistivity of Germanium element is 5 x 10-4 Ωm

Electrical conductivity of Germanium gas

The electrical conductivity of Germanium element is 2000 s/m

Magnetic type of Germanium element

The magnetic type of Germanium atom is diamagnetic

Volume Magnetic Susceptibility of Germanium

The volume magnetic susceptibility of Germanium is -7.98 x 10 -6

Mass Magnetic Susceptibility of Germanium

The mass magnetic susceptibility of Germanium is -1.5 x 10-9 m3/kg

Molar Magnetic Susceptibility of Germanium

The molar magnetic susceptibility of Germanium gas is -1.09 x 10-10 m3/mol

Color of Germanium Gas

The color of Germanium gas is gray.

These are some of the main electromagnetic properties of Germanium gas.

Reactivity of Germanium

Valency of Germanium

The valency of a Germanium element is a number that represents the ability of an atom to combine with other atoms. The valency of Germanium is 4.

Electronegativity of Germanium

Electronegativity of Germanium is the tendency of its atom participating in a covalent bond to attract the bonding electrons. Germanium has 2.01 electronegativity.

Electron affinity of Germanium

Electron affinity of Germanium gas is the energy released when one electron is added to a neutral atom to form an anion. The electron affinity of Germanium is 119 kJ/mol

First ionization energy of Germanium

It is the energy to remove the outermost electron from the neutral atom in the gas phase. The first ionization energy of Germanium is 762 kJ/mol

Atomic properties

The atomic properties of Germanium have term symbol, atomic radius, covalent radius, van der waals radius.

Term Symbol of Germanium

The term symbol specifies the electronic state of an atom. The term symbol of Germanium atom is 3 P0

Atomic Radius of Germanium

The total distance from an atom's nucleus to the outermost orbital of an electron is its atomic radius. The atomic radius of Germanium is 125 pm.

Covalent Radius of Germanium

Covalent radius is the measurement of an atom's size that forms a covalent bond. The covalent radius of Germanium is 120 pm.

Abundances of Germanium

It is the measure that tells us about the percentage of which it is present. 

Abundance of Germanium in the universe

The abundance of Germanium in the universe is 2 x 10-5 mass %

Abundance of Germanium in the solar system

The abundance of Germanium in the solar system is 2x10-5 mass %

Abundance of Germanium in earth's crust

The abundance of Germanium in earth's crust is 1.4 x 10-4 mass %

Abundance of Germanium in ocean

The abundance of Germanium in ocean is 6 x 10-9 mass %

Universe Molar Abundances of Germanium

The universe molar abundances of Germanium is 3 x 10-7 mol %

Solar Molar Abundances of Germanium

The solar molar abundances of Germanium is 3 x 10-7 mol %

Ocean Molar Abundances of Germanium

The ocean molar abundances of Germanium is 5.1 x 10-10 mol %

Crust Molar Abundances of Germanium

The crust molar abundances of Germanium is 3.9 x 10-5 mol %

Nuclear properties of Germanium

Half life of Germanium

Half life is the time for the radioactivity of a specified isotope to fall to half its original value. The half Life of Germanium is stable.

Stable isotopes of Germanium

The stable isotopes of Germanium are 74 Ge (36.73%) 

Nuclear Spin of Germanium

The nuclear spin of Germanium is 70 Ge: 0+

Unstable isotopes of Germanium

The unstable isotopes of Germanium is 68 Ge (270.9 days)

Neutron Cross Section of Germanium

The neutron cross section of Germanium is 2.2 b

Identifiers of Germanium

CAS Number of Germanium

The CAS number of Germanium is 7440-56-4

PubChem CID number of Germanium

The PubChem CID number of Germanium is 6326954